Formulation for improving physical endurance in athletes and a method for preparing the same

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure discloses a herbal formulation in powdered dosage form, which is useful to enhance the physical endurance or strength in athletes. The disclosure also includes a method of preparation of the formulation, which involves the encapsulation of the natural ingredients in a natural matrix. The formulation comprises Moringa oleifera, Kaempferia parviflora and Punica granatum that are processed to obtain the product in powder form by encapsulation of the natural ingredients in a natural matrix. The formulation increased the nitrate and nitrite levels in serum and saliva in human and is useful to improve the general health of the athletes.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional application under 37 C.F.R. §1.53(b) and 35 U.S.C. §121 of U.S. Patent Application No. 16/312,167 filed Dec. 20, 2018, which is a §371 nationalization of PCT Application Ser. No. PCT/M2017/055026, filed Aug. 19, 2017, designating the United States, which is hereby incorporated by reference, and this patent document also claims the benefit of Indian Application No. 201641028194, filed Aug. 19, 2016, which is also hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure discloses an herbal formulation comprising Methoxy flavones obtained from Kaempferia parviflora (black ginger), saponins from Moringa oleifera and polyphenols from Punica granatum (pomegranate) in a powdered dosage form, which is useful to enhance the physical endurance or strength in athletes. The disclosure also describes a method of preparing the formulation by encapsulation of the natural ingredients in a natural matrix.

BACKGROUND

Physical endurance is a state of health and more precisely provides the foundation for performing the activities of daily living and protection against disease conditions and is the basic criteria for participation in sports.

Physical strength or endurance is of utmost importance for athletes as it helps in optimizing performance in a certain sport. Each sport requires strength for optimal performance, without which it is not possible to perform on the field continuously. Physical fitness and skill are equally important traits that an athlete requires and therefore an athlete has to work constantly towards developing both at the same time.

There are various chemicals in the body, which are responsible for fitness such as nitric oxide (NO), Erythropoietin (EPO), Monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) etc. NO is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, which functions as a cell-signaling factor in both physiological and pathological process. NO also plays a crucial role because of its vasodilation activity in blood vessels as it helps in maintaining the fluid homeostasis and in regulating the blood pressure. NO in blood is a major contributor in achieving maximum performance during exercise.

EPO is associated with production of red blood cells and acts as a marker for blood oxygenation and iron availability. MAO-B prevents the breakdown of dopamine. Anti-oxidants also play a crucial role in maintaining the performance of the athletes by preventing breakdown of NO.

The U.S. Pat. No. 8,603,546 titled “Herbal supplement for increased muscle strength and endurance for athletes” discloses a composition comprising whole plant extract of Leucojum aestivum comprising galanthamine as an active ingredient to an athlete before and during sports activities to enhance the performance. However, the composition may not be effective in improving the physical endurance in athletes.

The U.S. Pat. No. 6,051,236 titled “Composition for optimizing muscle performance during exercise” discloses a nutritional composition in a dry powder form for optimizing muscle performance during exercise and for enhancing muscle cell repair and recovery following the cessation of exercise, containing carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and amino acids. This formulation does not disclose use of herbal plants to improve the physical fitness of athletes.

The US application number US20010041187 titled “Performance-enhancing dietary supplement” discloses a dietary supplement for enhancing physical performance of human, which includes a soy protein isolate, free form amino acids, medium chain triglycerides, creatine monohydrate, 1-carnitine, grape seed extract, coenzyme Q10, Piper nigrum extract, and alpha lipoic acid. This formulation lacks effectiveness with respect to improvement of the physical fitness of athletes.

The US application number US20140205687 titled “Tribulus terrestris, Avena sativa and Panax ginseng extract combination” discloses a herbal pharmaceutical product obtained from Tribulus terrestris, Avena sativa and Panax ginseng plants, which is used as a supplement and support to increase muscle strength, body stamina and physical performance and is also used to treat cardiovascular diseases. The claimed invention does not disclose the method of preparation of herbal composition.

One of the major factors that help athletes to achieve high level performance in sports is by improving the strength, speed and endurance of physical performance. Hence, there is a need for a non-toxic and a cost effective preparation, preferably the herbal formulation containing combination of different plant extracts that helps in improving physical performance.

SUMMARY

The disclosure discloses the herbal formulation comprising methoxy flavones obtained from Kaempferia parviflora (black ginger), saponins from Moringa oleifera and polyphenols from Punica granatum (pomegranate) in a powdered dosage form to enhance the physical endurance in athletes. The disclosure further describes a method of preparing the formulation by encapsulation of the natural ingredients in a natural matrix.

The herbal composition comprises Kaempferia parviflora extract at the concentration in the range of 12%-15% w/w, Moringa oleifera leaf extract at the concentration in the range of 45%-50% w/w and Punica granatum (pomegranate) extract at the concentration in the range of 32%-35% w/w.

The disclosure further discloses a method of preparation of the formulation. The method involves the steps of crushing Moringa oleifera leaf to obtain its powder and extracting the active constituents using hydro alcohol, crushing Kaempferia parviflora raw material to obtain the powder and the active constituent 5, 7 dimethoxy flavone is extracted using ethanol. Further, Kaempferia parviflora extract and Moringa oleifera extract are mixed together to form a uniform mixture and the dried peel of Punica granatum is crushed and the active constituent punicalagin is extracted using water and further spray dried to obtain its powder. Punica granatum dried peel extract is mixed with uniform mixture of Kaempferia parviflora extract and Moringa oleifera extract. The uniform mixture of all the three extracts namely Punica granatum dried peel extract, Kaempferia parviflora extract and Moringa oleifera extract are blended and homogenized to obtain a uniform matrix. Finally, the uniform matrix is subjected to spray drying to obtain the final product in the powder form for use.

The formulation is effective in increasing the nitrate and nitrite levels in serum and saliva in human and also improved the pharmacokinetic parameters. The formulation is effective in improving the physical endurance in athletes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of methoxyflavone, which is a flavanoid constituent present in Kaempferia parviflora.

FIG. 2(a) illustrates the structure of niazimin A, which is one of the constituent present in a Moringa oleifera.

FIG. 2(b) illustrates the structure of niazirin, which is other constituent of Moringa oleifera.

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of punicalagin, which is a polyphenol.

FIG. 4 illustrates the preferred composition of the formulation to improve physical endurance.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart for a method for preparation of the composition.

FIG. 6a illustrates pre-exercise and post-exercise increase in serum nitrate level in human.

FIG. 6b illustrates pre-exercise and post-exercise increase in saliva nitrate level in human.

FIG. 7a illustrates pre-exercise and post-exercise increase in serum nitrite level in human.

FIG. 7b illustrates pre-exercise and post-exercise increase in saliva nitrite level in human.

FIG. 8 illustrates the levels of pre-exercise and post-exercise lactate dehydrogenase in the supplement and placebo group.

FIG. 9 illustrates the levels of pre-exercise and post-exercise malondialdehyde in the supplement and placebo group.

FIG. 10 illustrates the levels of pre-exercise and post-exercise dopamine in the supplement and placebo group.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure discloses an herbal formulation, which is obtained from different plant extracts that helps in improving the general health, strength and also the stamina of athletes to perform the activities. The disclosure also discloses a method of preparing the formulation by encapsulation of the natural ingredients in a natural matrix.

FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of methoxy flavone. Methoxy flavone is a flavanoid present in Kaempferia parviflora. 5, 7 dimethoxy flavone is a major constituent in Kaempferia parviflora that increases the nitric oxide levels in the human body. 5, 7 dimethoxy flavone also inhibit the activity of phopsphodiesterase (PDES) and is used for treating metabolic ailments and it is also an aphrodisiac compound and physical activity enhancer.

FIG. 2 (a) illustrates the structure of niazimin A and FIG. 2 (b) illustrates the structure of niazirin. Niazimin A and niazirin are active constituents present in Moringa oleifera. The extract obtained from the leaf of Moringa oleifera stimulates the nitric oxide levels in the human body. The active components inhibit the PDES activity and improve vasodilation process. The leaf extract also prevents the breakdown of dopamine by inhibition of MAO-B activity. It also acts as a source of nutrition and natural energy booster, lowers blood pressure and also exhibits detoxifying activity.

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of punicalagin. The husk and peels of pomegranate comprises 26% to 30% of total fruit weight and higher amount of phenolic compounds than in the fruit pulp. Punicalagin is a polyphenol present in pomegranate, which exhibits antioxidant activity. The pomegranate polyphenols prevents the breakdown of nitric oxide in the human body.

FIG. 4 illustrates the composition of the formulation to improve the physical endurance. The herbal composition for the improvement of physical endurance of the disclosure comprises of flavanones obtained from Kaempferia parviflora extract at the concentration in the range of 12%-15% w/w, saponins from Moringa oleifera leaf extract at the concentration in the range of 45%-50% w/w and polyphenols from Punica granatum (pomegranate) extract at the concentration in the range of 32%-35% w/w.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of the method for preparation of the composition. The method (500) starts with crushing of Moringa oleifera leaf to obtain its powder and extracting the active constituents namely niazimin A and niazirin using hydro alcohol (501). At step (502), Kaempferia parviflora raw material is crushed to obtain the powder and the active constituent 5, 7 dimethoxy flavones is extracted using ethanol. At step (503), Kaempferia parviflora extract and Moringa oleifera extract are mixed together to form a uniform mixture. At step (504), dried peel of Punica granatum is crushed and the active constituent punicalagin is extracted using water and further spray dried to obtain its powder. At step (505), Punica granatum dried peel extract is mixed with uniform mixture of Kaempferia parviflora extract and Moringa oleifera extract. At step (506), the uniform mixture of all the three extracts namely Punica granatum dried peel extract, Kaempferia parviflora extract and Moringa oleifera extract are further blended and homogenized to obtain a uniform matrix. The final step (507) comprises of spray drying of the uniform matrix of all the three herbal extracts and the final product is available in the powder form for use.

In order that this invention to be more fully understood the following preparative and testing example is set forth. The example is for the purpose of illustration only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.

EXAMPLE 1 The Efficacy of the Formulation in Humans

The formulation is tested for its activity in healthy human volunteers. The volunteers are administered with the formulation at the concentration of 250 mg referred as supplement group and the volunteers without formulation referred as placebo group. The parameters such as pharmacokinetics and levels of nitrate, nitrite, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde and dopamine are evaluated in serum and saliva. The results show that the administration of the formulation increased the levels of nitrate in serum and saliva. The levels of nitrite also increased in serum and saliva after administration of the formulation without inducing any toxicity. The formulation further increased the level of dopamine, decreased lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels after exercise.

FIG. 6 illustrates the pre-exercise and post-exercise nitrate level in serum and saliva in supplement group and placebo group. The administration of the formulation increased nitrate level in serum and plasma in supplement group. FIG. 6a illustrates pre-exercise and post-exercise increase in serum nitrate level in supplement group. FIG. 6b illustrates pre-exercise and post-exercise increase in saliva nitrate level in supplement group. The serum nitrate increased from 6.7 μmol/L (day 0) to 9.7 μmol/L (day 22) and the increment is 31% before exercise. Similarly, there is 45% increase in serum nitrate after exercise and it is elevated from 8.8 μmol/L to 15.9 μmol/L.

FIG. 7 illustrates the pre-exercise and post-exercise nitrite level in serum and saliva in supplement group and placebo group. The administration of the formulation increased nitrite level in serum and saliva in supplement group. FIG. 7a illustrates pre-exercise and post-exercise increase in serum nitrite level in supplement group. FIG. 7b illustrates pre-exercise and post-exercise increase in saliva nitrite level in supplement group. The serum nitrite increased from 37.5 to 73.1 (μmol/L) and from 42.5 to 80.3 (μmol/L) for pre- and post-exercises, respectively. It is observed that is a remarkable rise in serum nitrite and 49% and 47% for pre- and post-exercises, respectively.

The maximum nitrate concentration achieved in saliva and serum within 1.58 and 1 h, respectively, show that in the acidic stomach, nitrate and nitrite are absorbed from the intestine to the circulation and converted to bioactive NO in blood and tissues under physiological hypoxia.

FIG. 8 illustrates the levels of pre-exercise and post-exercise lactate dehydrogenase in the supplement and placebo group. The results show that administration of the formulation decreased pre-exercise and post-exercise lactate dehydrogenase level. Serum inflammatory biomarker lactate dehydrogenase level decreased from 673.7 U/L to 578 U/L in the supplement group without significant change in placebo group.

FIG. 9 illustrates the levels of pre-exercise and post-exercise malondialdehyde in the supplement and placebo group. The results show that administration of the formulation decreased malondialdehyde level from 14.6 to 9.9 nmol/mL without significant change in placebo group.

The decrease in the oxidative stress markers lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde indicates the reduction of oxidative stress after exercise in response to the administration of the formulation.

FIG. 10 illustrates the levels of pre-exercise and post-exercise dopamine in the supplement and placebo group. The results show that administration of the formulation increased the dopamine levels from 225.1 μg/24 h to 354.3 μg/24 h. The increase in post-exercise dopamine levels indicates the improvement of mental health and physical functioning in the supplement group.

The formulation of the invention is effective in increasing the serum and saliva levels of nitrate and nitrite in humans. The formulation also increased the pharmacokinetic parameters. The formulation is useful in improving the physical endurance in athletes. The formulation also helps to increase muscle strength, body stamina, physical performance, post-exercise muscle recovery and reduction of oxidative stress in muscles in athletes. 

1. A method of preparation of the formulation for improvement of physical endurance, the method comprising: a. crushing of Moringa oleifera leaf to obtain the powder and extracting the active constituents niazimin A and niazirin using a solvent; b. crushing Kaempferia parviflora raw material to obtain the powder and extracting the active constituent 5, 7 dimethoxy flavone using ethanol; c. mixing Kaempferia parviflora extract and Moringa oleifera extract together to form a uniform mixture; d. crushing the dried peel of Punica granatum and extracting the active constituent punicalagin using water and subjecting to spray drying to obtain powder; e. mixing Punica granatum dried peel extract with uniform mixture of Kaempferia parviflora extract and Moringa oleifera extract; f. drying the uniform mixture of all the three extracts Punica granatum dried peel extract, Kaempferia parviflora extract and Moringa oleifera extract and blending and homogenizing to obtain a uniform matrix; and g. spray drying the uniform matrix of the three herbal extracts to convert into powder form.
 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein niazimin A and niazirin are extracted from Moringa oleifera leaf using hydro alcohol.
 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation increases pre-exercise levels of nitrate, nitrite in serum and saliva and dopamine in human.
 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation decreases levels of post-exercise lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde in human.
 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation promotes post exercise muscle recovery and reduction of oxidative stress in muscles. 